The Future of Batteries in the EV Industry

As electric vehicles (EVs) grow in popularity, so does the need for better, safer batteries. For years, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been the industry standard, powering everything from smartphones to EVs with their reliable balance of energy storage and performance. But now, emerging technologies are set to redefine what EVs can achieve. So, what’s next for EV battery technology, and what does it mean for you as a consumer or industry professional? Read on to discover the battery innovations set to reshape our industry.

Lithium-ion Batteries: The Foundation 

Solid-state Li-ion: A Safer and Denser Future

First, let’s look at solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which have the potential to be a game-changer for EVs. Imagine traditional lithium-ion batteries as having a liquid core, like a water balloon, which helps move energy through the battery. Solid-state batteries, on the other hand, use a solid core, more like a dense rubber ball. This difference brings significant benefits: solid-state batteries are safer, last longer, and can store more energy [1]. In fact, they could potentially double the energy capacity of today’s batteries, enabling EVs to travel twice as far on a single charge, which would make electric cars more practical for everyday users.

However, the biggest challenge is finding solid electrolytes that are both stable and efficient at moving ions. Companies like Toyota and Honda are investing heavily in this technology, aiming to bring solid-state batteries to market within the next decade [2]. As production methods improve, solid-state batteries could deliver not only longer ranges but also faster charging times and enhanced safety. This makes them a technology to watch closely in the near future.

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S): High Energy Density for Extended Range 

Next, we have lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which you can think of as the ultra-light packing option for EVs. If conventional Li-ion batteries are like lugging around a heavy suitcase, Li-S batteries are more like traveling with a sleek carry-on. By using sulfur, a light and abundant element, Li-S batteries reduce weight while packing in more energy. This could translate to longer driving ranges for EVs, making them ideal for long-distance travel [3].

With a theoretical energy density of up to 2,600 Wh/kg (compared to around 200 Wh/kg for conventional Li-ion), Li-S batteries hold the promise of significantly extending EV range. And since sulfur is as common and affordable as table salt, these batteries could be produced at a lower cost.

Currently, the downside is that Li-S batteries wear out faster than Li-ion, but researchers are working on reinforcing the battery’s structure to improve durability [3]. Chrysler has even tested Li-S batteries in concept vehicles, suggesting that commercial applications may be on the horizon [4].

Lithium-Air (Li-Air): A Potential Game-Changer with Challenges Ahead

The next contender is the lithium-air (Li-Air) battery, which could be the most transformative of all. Picture a battery that breathes air—literally! By using oxygen from the atmosphere as a reactant, Li-Air batteries could achieve energy densities comparable to gasoline [5]. This leap could enable ultra-light, high-capacity batteries that dramatically extend driving ranges for EVs.

However, Li-Air technology is still experimental and faces significant technical hurdles, particularly with electrode stability and efficiency issues [6]. Despite these challenges, the potential to rival gasoline’s energy density keeps researchers pushing forward. If successful, Li-Air batteries could mark the ultimate milestone in energy storage for EVs, making electric vehicles the obvious choice over internal combustion vehicles.

Sodium-Ion Technology (Na-ion): A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Alternative

Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries offer a promising low-cost, sustainable alternative to Li-ion batteries [7]. Sodium is far more abundant than lithium, which means Na-ion batteries could help reduce dependency on critical minerals like lithium and cobalt [7]. While Na-ion batteries currently have a lower energy density (75-160 Wh/kg versus 120-260 Wh/kg for Li-ion), they are well-suited for applications where cost and sustainability outweigh the need for maximum energy density.

One of Na-ion’s standout features is its performance in extreme conditions, making it a great option for urban EVs and energy storage in renewable systems [8]. Companies like BYD and JAC have already introduced vehicles powered by Na-ion batteries, hinting that Na-ion technology could become a strong player in the EV market within the next decade.

Potassium-Ion Technology (K-ion)  A New Frontier with Potential

Finally, potassium-ion (K-ion) batteries represent a newer frontier in sustainable energy storage. Like sodium, potassium is plentiful and inexpensive, which could make K-ion batteries a more environmentally friendly alternative to Li-ion [9]. Although K-ion technology theoretically offers greater energy and power density than Na-ion, practical applications are still in development [10]. Potassium’s high reactivity and low melting point pose challenges, but the environmental and economic benefits make K-ion an exciting option to watch for the future.

A Bright Future for EV Batteries

The future of EV batteries is promising, with emerging technologies poised to overcome the limitations of today’s Li-ion systems. From solid-state advancements to groundbreaking options like Li-S, Li-Air, and Na-ion, these next-generation batteries promise safer, more efficient, and more sustainable energy storage. As these innovations progress and become commercially viable, they will play a critical role in shaping a more accessible and efficient future for electric vehicles.

At BlueForce, we’re not just following advancements in battery technology—we’re leading the charge. While future technologies like solid-state, Li-S, and Na-ion hold exciting potential, our current EV conversion solutions already incorporate the best proven technologies available today. We know that waiting for the “next big thing” can delay the benefits of going electric, which is why we deliver cutting-edge, reliable solutions that are ready now.

As the industry advances, so will we. BlueForce remains at the forefront, ensuring that when the latest breakthroughs arrive, our customers will be among the first to benefit. Whether you’re looking to convert your vehicle today or plan for tomorrow, BlueForce offers the expertise, technology, and adaptability to meet your needs—now and for years to come. 

We’ll continue to keep our audience informed about the latest technologies and breakthroughs in EV batteries and the energy transition. Follow us to stay updated on industry innovations and gain insights that drive the future of sustainable energy.

Writers: Manjot Mangat, Shammah Bernard. Editors: Raphael Jian, Anastasia Sukhoretskaya, Jayney Davidson, Prachi Kumar and Yulu Communications.

References

[1] N. Boaretto et al., “Lithium solid-state batteries: State-of-the-art and challenges for materials, interfaces and processing,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 502, p. 229919, Aug. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229919.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91480790 (image 1 - create hyperlink)

[2] E. Dreibelbis, “What Is a Solid State Battery?,” PCMAG, Nov. 11, 2022. https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/what-is-solid-state-battery-for-electric-vehicles

[3] Y. Deng, J. Li, T. Li, X. Gao, and C. Yuan, “Life cycle assessment of lithium sulfur battery for electric vehicles,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 343, pp. 284–295, Mar. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.036.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80152749 (image 2 - create hyperlink)

[4] J. Voelcker, “Chrysler’s Halcyon Concept EV Promises Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: What Do You Need to Know?,” Car and Driver, Feb. 13, 2024. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a46774428/chrysler-halcyon-concept-lithium-sulfur-batteries-future-explainer/ (accessed Oct. 01, 2024).

[5] Alireza Kondori et al., “A room temperature rechargeable Li2O-based lithium-air battery enabled by a solid electrolyte,” Science, vol. 379, no. 6631, pp. 499–505, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq1347.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Li-air-charge-discharge.jpg (image 3 - create hyperlink)

[6] J. E. Harmon, “New design for lithium-air battery could offer much longer driving range compared with the lithium-ion battery | Argonne National Laboratory,” www.anl.gov, Feb. 22, 2023. https://www.anl.gov/article/new-design-for-lithiumair-battery-could-offer-much-longer-driving-range-compared-with-the-lithiumion

[7] International Energy Agency, “Trends in batteries – Global EV Outlook 2023 – Analysis,” IEA, 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/trends-in-batteries\

[8] E. Bastilla, “Sodium ion batteries,” On the road, Feb. 19, 2024. https://www.ontheroadtrends.com/sodium-ion-batteries/?lang=en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148209137 (image 4 - create hyperlink)

[9] L. Li, “potassium ion battery,” The Best lithium ion battery suppliers | lithium ion battery Manufacturers - TYCORUN ENERGY, Nov. 14, 2022. https://www.takomabattery.com/potassium-ion-battery/ (accessed Oct. 02, 2024).

[10] M. Zarrabeitia et al., “Could potassium-ion batteries become a competitive technology?,” Energy Materials, vol. 3, no. 6, Nov. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.41.As electric vehicles (EVs) grow in popularity, so does the need for better, safer batteries. For years, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been the industry standard, powering everything from smartphones to EVs with their reliable balance of energy storage and performance. But now, emerging technologies are set to redefine what EVs can achieve. So, what’s next for EV battery technology, and what does it mean for you as a consumer or industry professional? Read on to discover the battery innovations set to reshape our industry.

Lithium-ion Batteries: The Foundation 

Solid-state Li-ion: A Safer and Denser Future

First, let’s look at solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which have the potential to be a game-changer for EVs. Imagine traditional lithium-ion batteries as having a liquid core, like a water balloon, which helps move energy through the battery. Solid-state batteries, on the other hand, use a solid core, more like a dense rubber ball. This difference brings significant benefits: solid-state batteries are safer, last longer, and can store more energy [1]. In fact, they could potentially double the energy capacity of today’s batteries, enabling EVs to travel twice as far on a single charge, which would make electric cars more practical for everyday users.

However, the biggest challenge is finding solid electrolytes that are both stable and efficient at moving ions. Companies like Toyota and Honda are investing heavily in this technology, aiming to bring solid-state batteries to market within the next decade [2]. As production methods improve, solid-state batteries could deliver not only longer ranges but also faster charging times and enhanced safety. This makes them a technology to watch closely in the near future.

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S): High Energy Density for Extended Range 

Next, we have lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which you can think of as the ultra-light packing option for EVs. If conventional Li-ion batteries are like lugging around a heavy suitcase, Li-S batteries are more like traveling with a sleek carry-on. By using sulfur, a light and abundant element, Li-S batteries reduce weight while packing in more energy. This could translate to longer driving ranges for EVs, making them ideal for long-distance travel [3].

With a theoretical energy density of up to 2,600 Wh/kg (compared to around 200 Wh/kg for conventional Li-ion), Li-S batteries hold the promise of significantly extending EV range. And since sulfur is as common and affordable as table salt, these batteries could be produced at a lower cost.

Currently, the downside is that Li-S batteries wear out faster than Li-ion, but researchers are working on reinforcing the battery’s structure to improve durability [3]. Chrysler has even tested Li-S batteries in concept vehicles, suggesting that commercial applications may be on the horizon [4].

Lithium-Air (Li-Air): A Potential Game-Changer with Challenges Ahead

The next contender is the lithium-air (Li-Air) battery, which could be the most transformative of all. Picture a battery that breathes air—literally! By using oxygen from the atmosphere as a reactant, Li-Air batteries could achieve energy densities comparable to gasoline [5]. This leap could enable ultra-light, high-capacity batteries that dramatically extend driving ranges for EVs.

However, Li-Air technology is still experimental and faces significant technical hurdles, particularly with electrode stability and efficiency issues [6]. Despite these challenges, the potential to rival gasoline’s energy density keeps researchers pushing forward. If successful, Li-Air batteries could mark the ultimate milestone in energy storage for EVs, making electric vehicles the obvious choice over internal combustion vehicles.

Sodium-Ion Technology (Na-ion): A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Alternative

Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries offer a promising low-cost, sustainable alternative to Li-ion batteries [7]. Sodium is far more abundant than lithium, which means Na-ion batteries could help reduce dependency on critical minerals like lithium and cobalt [7]. While Na-ion batteries currently have a lower energy density (75-160 Wh/kg versus 120-260 Wh/kg for Li-ion), they are well-suited for applications where cost and sustainability outweigh the need for maximum energy density.

One of Na-ion’s standout features is its performance in extreme conditions, making it a great option for urban EVs and energy storage in renewable systems [8]. Companies like BYD and JAC have already introduced vehicles powered by Na-ion batteries, hinting that Na-ion technology could become a strong player in the EV market within the next decade.

Potassium-Ion Technology (K-ion)  A New Frontier with Potential

Finally, potassium-ion (K-ion) batteries represent a newer frontier in sustainable energy storage. Like sodium, potassium is plentiful and inexpensive, which could make K-ion batteries a more environmentally friendly alternative to Li-ion [9]. Although K-ion technology theoretically offers greater energy and power density than Na-ion, practical applications are still in development [10]. Potassium’s high reactivity and low melting point pose challenges, but the environmental and economic benefits make K-ion an exciting option to watch for the future.

A Bright Future for EV Batteries

The future of EV batteries is promising, with emerging technologies poised to overcome the limitations of today’s Li-ion systems. From solid-state advancements to groundbreaking options like Li-S, Li-Air, and Na-ion, these next-generation batteries promise safer, more efficient, and more sustainable energy storage. As these innovations progress and become commercially viable, they will play a critical role in shaping a more accessible and efficient future for electric vehicles.

At BlueForce, we’re not just following advancements in battery technology—we’re leading the charge. While future technologies like solid-state, Li-S, and Na-ion hold exciting potential, our current EV conversion solutions already incorporate the best proven technologies available today. We know that waiting for the “next big thing” can delay the benefits of going electric, which is why we deliver cutting-edge, reliable solutions that are ready now.

As the industry advances, so will we. BlueForce remains at the forefront, ensuring that when the latest breakthroughs arrive, our customers will be among the first to benefit. Whether you’re looking to convert your vehicle today or plan for tomorrow, BlueForce offers the expertise, technology, and adaptability to meet your needs—now and for years to come. 

We’ll continue to keep our audience informed about the latest technologies and breakthroughs in EV batteries and the energy transition. Follow us to stay updated on industry innovations and gain insights that drive the future of sustainable energy.

Writers: Manjot Mangat, Shammah Bernard. Editors: Raphael Jian, Anastasia Sukhoretskaya, Jayney Davidson, Prachi Kumar and Yulu Communications.

References

[1] N. Boaretto et al., “Lithium solid-state batteries: State-of-the-art and challenges for materials, interfaces and processing,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 502, p. 229919, Aug. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229919.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91480790 (image 1 - create hyperlink)

[2] E. Dreibelbis, “What Is a Solid State Battery?,” PCMAG, Nov. 11, 2022. https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/what-is-solid-state-battery-for-electric-vehicles

[3] Y. Deng, J. Li, T. Li, X. Gao, and C. Yuan, “Life cycle assessment of lithium sulfur battery for electric vehicles,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 343, pp. 284–295, Mar. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.036.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80152749 (image 2 - create hyperlink)

[4] J. Voelcker, “Chrysler’s Halcyon Concept EV Promises Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: What Do You Need to Know?,” Car and Driver, Feb. 13, 2024. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a46774428/chrysler-halcyon-concept-lithium-sulfur-batteries-future-explainer/ (accessed Oct. 01, 2024).

[5] Alireza Kondori et al., “A room temperature rechargeable Li2O-based lithium-air battery enabled by a solid electrolyte,” Science, vol. 379, no. 6631, pp. 499–505, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq1347.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Li-air-charge-discharge.jpg (image 3 - create hyperlink)

[6] J. E. Harmon, “New design for lithium-air battery could offer much longer driving range compared with the lithium-ion battery | Argonne National Laboratory,” www.anl.gov, Feb. 22, 2023. https://www.anl.gov/article/new-design-for-lithiumair-battery-could-offer-much-longer-driving-range-compared-with-the-lithiumion

[7] International Energy Agency, “Trends in batteries – Global EV Outlook 2023 – Analysis,” IEA, 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/trends-in-batteries\

[8] E. Bastilla, “Sodium ion batteries,” On the road, Feb. 19, 2024. https://www.ontheroadtrends.com/sodium-ion-batteries/?lang=en

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=148209137 (image 4 - create hyperlink)

[9] L. Li, “potassium ion battery,” The Best lithium ion battery suppliers | lithium ion battery Manufacturers - TYCORUN ENERGY, Nov. 14, 2022. https://www.takomabattery.com/potassium-ion-battery/ (accessed Oct. 02, 2024).

[10] M. Zarrabeitia et al., “Could potassium-ion batteries become a competitive technology?,” Energy Materials, vol. 3, no. 6, Nov. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.41.